How do you determine the appropriate sample size in hypothesis testing in order to achieve a desired power while controlling for Type I error?

To determine the appropriate sample size in hypothesis testing, you must consider the desired power (typically 0.8 or 80%), the significance level (α, commonly set at 0.05 for Type I error), the effect size, and the population variance. Use power analysis formulas or statistical software to calculate the needed sample size, ensuring the study can detect the effect while controlling for Type I error.

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